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  • -Picornaviridae
    • Genus: Ampivirus
    • Genus: Aphthovirus
    • Genus: Aquamavirus
    • Genus: Avihepatovirus
    • Genus: Avisivirus
    • Genus: Cardiovirus
    • Genus: Cosavirus
    • Genus: Dicipivirus
    • Genus: Enterovirus
    • Genus: Erbovirus
    • Genus: Gallivirus
    • Genus: Harkavirus
    • Genus: Hepatovirus
    • Genus: Hunnivirus
    • Genus: Kobuvirus
    • Genus: Kunsagivirus
    • Genus: Limnipivirus
    • Genus: Megrivirus
    • Genus: Mischivirus
    • Genus: Mosavirus
    • Genus: Oscivirus
    • Genus: Parechovirus
    • Genus: Pasivirus
    • Genus: Passerivirus
    • Genus: Potamipivirus
    • Genus: Rabovirus
    • Genus: Rosavirus
    • Genus: Sakobuvirus
    • Genus: Salivirus
    • Genus: Sapelovirus
    • Genus: Senecavirus
    • Genus: Sicinivirus
    • Genus: Teschovirus
    • Genus: Torchivirus
    • Genus: Tremovirus
    • Authors: Picornaviridae
    • Resources: Picornaviridae
    • Further reading: Picornaviridae
    • References: Picornaviridae
    • Citation: Picornaviridae

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Genus: Megrivirus

Virion

Nucleic acid

Length of genome [{Lau et al., 2014:24906980RJOHTXLau et al., 2014, Chickens host diverse picornaviruses originated from potential interspecies transmission with recombination, J Gen Virol, 95, Pt 9, 1929-44RJOMREFHonkavuori et al., 2011:21392440RJOHTXHonkavuori et al., 2011, Novel picornavirus in Turkey poults with hepatitis, California, USA, Emerg Infect Dis, 17, 3, 480-7RJOMREFBoros et al., 2014:24672039RJOHTXBoros et al., 2014, Comparative complete genome analysis of chicken and Turkey megriviruses (family Picornaviridae): long 3' untranslated regions with a potential second open reading frame and evidence for possible recombination, J Virol, 88, 11, 6434-43RJOMREFLiao et al., 2014:24933161RJOHTXLiao et al., 2014, Genomic characterization of a novel picornavirus in Pekin ducks, Vet Microbiol, 172, 1-2, 78-91RJOMREFPhan et al., 2013:24023772RJOHTXPhan et al., 2013, The viruses of wild pigeon droppings, PLoS One, 8, 9, e72787RJOMREFKim et al., 2015:25559673RJOHTXKim et al., 2015, Identification of a picornavirus from chickens with transmissible viral proventriculitis using metagenomic analysis, Arch Virol, 160, 3, 701-9}]: c. 9,740 nt (5'-UTR: 642 nt; ORF: 8,451 nt; 3'-UTR: 646 nt). 5' UTR contains a type IV-B IRES; 3' UTR is exceptionally long. The location of the cre has not been identified.

Genome organization and replication

Genome layout:

VPg+5'UTRIRES-IVB[1AB-1C-1D/2A1-2A2-2A3-2A4H-box/NC-2B-2C/3A-3B-3C-3D]3'UTR-poly(A)

The deduced polyprotein has a length of 2,817 aa. There is no L protein. 1AB remains uncleaved and has a N-terminal myristoylation signal. There are 2-4 2A proteins with the last of which exhibiting a H-box/NC motif. A second ORF has been proposed at the 3'-end of the genome but not yet demonstrated. Sequence data indicate interspecies recombination in the evolution of melegriviruses [{Lau et al., 2014:24906980RJOHTXLau et al., 2014, Chickens host diverse picornaviruses originated from potential interspecies transmission with recombination, J Gen Virol, 95, Pt 9, 1929-44RJOMREFBoros et al., 2014:24672039RJOHTXBoros et al., 2014, Comparative complete genome analysis of chicken and Turkey megriviruses (family Picornaviridae): long 3' untranslated regions with a potential second open reading frame and evidence for possible recombination, J Virol, 88, 11, 6434-43}].

Biology

The virus is suspected to be the etiological agent of turkey viral hepatitis [{Honkavuori et al., 2011:21392440RJOHTXHonkavuori et al., 2011, Novel picornavirus in Turkey poults with hepatitis, California, USA, Emerg Infect Dis, 17, 3, 480-7RJOMREFTzianabos and Snoeyenbos 1965:4955126RJOHTXTzianabos and Snoeyenbos 1965, Clinical, immunological, and serological observations on turkey virus hepatitis, Avian Dis, 9, 4, 578-91}]621. The natural host is poultry (turkey and chicken). Viral RNA was detected in liver, bile, intestine, serum and cloacal swabs of turkeys suffering from turkey viral hepatitis; RNAs of related viruses have been detected in chickens, ducks and feral pigeons.

Species demarcation criteria

Members of a species of the genus Megrivirus share a common genome organization.

The divergence (number of differences per site between sequences) of known Megrivirus species ranges from 0.56-0.64 for P1 and 0.37-0.44 for 3CD. Sequence data suggest the existence of two additional melegrivirus species. Melegrivirus taxonomy is complicated by an apparent interspecies recombination event in the evolution of Melegrivirus A1. A final disposition is pending.

Members of Melegrivirus A species form three genotypes. Six further types are awaiting classification.

Member Species

SpeciesVirus name(s)Exemplar isolateExemplar accession numberExemplar RefSeq numberAvailable sequenceOther isolatesOther isolate accession numbersVirus abbreviationIsolate abbreviation
Megrivirus Aduck megrivirusLYKC663628NC_024120Complete genomeMeV-A
Megrivirus Bpigeon mesivirus 1HK21KC876003NC_038957Complete coding genomeMeV-B
Megrivirus Cchicken megriviruschicken/B21-CHV/2012/HUNKF961186NC_039235Complete genomeMeV-C
Megrivirus Dharrier megrivirusharrier/MR-01/HUN/2014KY488458NC_034617Complete genomeMeV-D
Megrivirus Epenguin megriviruspenguin/KGI-BHS-P5/2015MF405436NC_039004Complete genomeMeV-E

Virus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.
Download GenBank/EMBL query for sequences listed in the table here.

Derivation of names

Megri-: from the host (turkey) genus name Meleagris

Melegri-: from the host (turkey genus name Meleagris

Related, Unclassified Viruses

Virus name

Accession number

Virus abbreviation

Mesivirus 1 [HK21]

KC876003

MeV-1

Mesivirus 2 [pigeon/GALII5-PiMeV/2011/HUN]

KC811837

MeV-2

Chicken megrivirus [chicken/B21-CHV/2012/HUN]

KF961186

ChkMeV

Chicken megrivirus [chicken/CHK-IV-CHV/2013/HUN]

KF961187

ChkMeV

Chicken proventriculitis virus [CPV/Korea/03]

KJ690629

CPV

Chicken picornavirus [27C]

KF979336

ChkPV

Duck megrivirus [LY]

KC663628

DuMV

Goose megrivirus [W18]

KY369299

GMV

Goose megrivirus [HN56]

KY369300

GMV

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