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  • -Picornaviridae
    • Genus: Ampivirus
    • Genus: Aphthovirus
    • Genus: Aquamavirus
    • Genus: Avihepatovirus
    • Genus: Avisivirus
    • Genus: Cardiovirus
    • Genus: Cosavirus
    • Genus: Dicipivirus
    • Genus: Enterovirus
    • Genus: Erbovirus
    • Genus: Gallivirus
    • Genus: Harkavirus
    • Genus: Hepatovirus
    • Genus: Hunnivirus
    • Genus: Kobuvirus
    • Genus: Kunsagivirus
    • Genus: Limnipivirus
    • Genus: Megrivirus
    • Genus: Mischivirus
    • Genus: Mosavirus
    • Genus: Oscivirus
    • Genus: Parechovirus
    • Genus: Pasivirus
    • Genus: Passerivirus
    • Genus: Potamipivirus
    • Genus: Rabovirus
    • Genus: Rosavirus
    • Genus: Sakobuvirus
    • Genus: Salivirus
    • Genus: Sapelovirus
    • Genus: Senecavirus
    • Genus: Sicinivirus
    • Genus: Teschovirus
    • Genus: Torchivirus
    • Genus: Tremovirus
    • Authors: Picornaviridae
    • Resources: Picornaviridae
    • Further reading: Picornaviridae
    • References: Picornaviridae
    • Citation: Picornaviridae

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Genus: Cosavirus

Distinguishing features

 

Virion

Morphology

Virus has not yet been isolated.

Nucleic acid

Length of genome [{Holtz et al., 2008:19102772RJOHTXHoltz et al., 2008, Identification of a novel picornavirus related to cosaviruses in a child with acute diarrhea, Virol J, 5, 159RJOMREFKapoor et al., 2008:19033469RJOHTXKapoor et al., 2008, A highly prevalent and genetically diversified Picornaviridae genus in South Asian children, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 105, 51, 20482-7RJOMREFBlinkova et al., 2009:19794058RJOHTXBlinkova et al., 2009, Frequent detection of highly diverse variants of cardiovirus, cosavirus, bocavirus, and circovirus in sewage samples collected in the United States, J Clin Microbiol, 47, 11, 3507-13RJOMREFCotten et al., 2014:24695106RJOHTXCotten et al., 2014, Full genome virus detection in fecal samples using sensitive nucleic acid preparation, deep sequencing, and a novel iterative sequence classification algorithm, PLoS One, 9, 4, e93269RJOMREFKapusinszky et al., 2012:22615791RJOHTXKapusinszky et al., 2012, Genetic diversity of the genus Cosavirus in the family Picornaviridae: a new species, recombination, and 26 new genotypes, PLoS One, 7, 5, e36685}]: c. 7,632-7,802 nt (5'-UTR: up to 1,361 nt; ORF: 6,366-6,402 nt; 3'-UTR: 75-93 nt). The location of the cre has not been identified. 

Genome organization and replication

Genome layout:

VPg+5'UTRIRES-II[1A-1B-1C-1D-2A1npgp/2B-2C/3A-3B-3C-3D]3'UTR-poly(A)

The deduced polyproteins have lengths of 2,113-2,133 amino acids. There is no L protein. 2A is a short FMDV-like polypeptide (NPG¯P). Sequence data (e.g., JN867757, KM516909) suggest interspecies recombination [{Kapusinszky et al., 2012:22615791RJOHTXKapusinszky et al., 2012, Genetic diversity of the genus Cosavirus in the family Picornaviridae: a new species, recombination, and 26 new genotypes, PLoS One, 7, 5, e36685}]. 

Biology

Known natural hosts are humans and pigs. Viral RNA was detected in faeces and pharyngeal swabs of diseased and clinically healthy humans and pigs.

Species demarcation criteria

Members of a species of the genus Cosavirus:

  • share greater than 65% aa identity in P1,
  • share greater than 90% aa identity in 2C + 3CD,
  • share a common genome organization.

The divergence (number of differences per site between sequences) of known cosaviruses ranges from 0.4-0.53 for P1 and 0.22-0.37 for 3CD.

Sequence data of capsid protein-encoding gene regions indicate at least 35 types within these species (CoSV-A1 to -A25, CoS-V-B1, tentative CoSV-C1, CoSV-D1 to -D5, CoSV-E1, -E2, CoSV-F1).

Member Species

SpeciesVirus name(s)Exemplar isolateExemplar accession numberExemplar RefSeq numberAvailable sequenceOther isolatesOther isolate accession numbersVirus abbreviationIsolate abbreviation
Cosavirus Acosavirus A10553FJ438902NC_012800Complete genomeCoSV-A1
Cosavirus Bcosavirus B2663FJ438907NC_012801Complete genomeCoSV-B
Cosavirus Dcosavirus D15004FJ438908NC_012802Complete genomeCoSV-D1
Cosavirus Ecosavirus EAustralia/81FJ555055NC_012798Complete genomeCoSV-E
Cosavirus Fcosavirus FPK5006JN867758NC_034385Complete genomeCoSV-F

Virus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.
Download GenBank/EMBL query for sequences listed in the table here.

Establishment of Cosavirus C is pending due to incomplete virus sequences.

Derivation of names

Cosa-: from common stool-associated

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